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What is melody - A series of individual pitches one occurring after another in order that the composite order of pitches constitutes a recognizable entity. Melody is the horizontal aspect of music.






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What is Rhythm? - Sonic action in time. Or, the arrangement of duration sonic patterns or tone lengths that fall on or between a "beat".

Measurable Characteristics are:

Duration (length and periodicity), Pitch (highness and lowness), Amplitude (loudness and softness), and Timbre or Harmonic Profile (tone quality or tone color).

Duration of sound means length of sound in time. Duration of sound also deals with sound periodicity. Length of sound is self defining; however, periodicity is the aspect of duration wherein sound occurs in repeated patterns of lengths. Periodicity is the most useful aspect of duration because it gives beat and rhythm to music. A steady, periodic pattern gives beat or pulse (beat and pulse are interchangeable words) to music while repeated patterns of varying periodic lengths gives rhythm to music.

Much music contains a steady pulse or beat. This pulse or beat occurs as a steady, reoccurring pattern of sound (for example, a heartbeat). "Beat" in music is very appealing because of its energizing quality - it provides a sense of inner security within the body while at the same time it inspires movement and dance.

If a steady beat is played with an accent (a longer and/or louder note) superimposed over the beat every second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixth beat the musical effect that is produced is called meter

Pitch highness and lowness is relative. Many humans are capable of hearing pitches that range from 20 Hz. to 20,000 Hz. Human hearing acuity deteriorates with age.

A series of different pitches with one following the other in time creates the basic musical element of melody. Producing different pitches all of which occur at the same time creates the basic musical element of harmony

Amplitude is the physical measurement of levels of loudness and softness in sound, and, in music, the psychological term used to describe gradations of amplitude is dynamics. Loud sounds are generally associated with vigor, turmoil and conflict, while soft sounds are associated generally with repose, tranquillity and calmness. Various degrees of loudness, can sometimes cause a particular passage of music to have the foregoing characteristics. Amplitude also has a periodicity aspect about it in that music may have patterns of dynamic intensity as well as patterns of pitch length.

Timbre (Harmonic Profile) is the quality of a sound or sonic event. A few questions may lead to a more practical understanding of harmonic profile or timbre. Is it possible to determine the identity of a friend in a dark room by the "quality" of their voice? Is it possible to know who says "Hello" on the telephone before they identify themselves? Is it possible to identify the sound of a neighborÌs automobile as it approaches? Is it possible to hear the difference between the singing voices of Michael Jackson and Prince? Is it possible to hear the difference between a flute, oboe, clarinet, trumpet or saxophone if they play the same note with one instrument following the other in time? Is it possible to hear the difference between an acoustic guitar and an electric guitar? If the answer to any of the preceding questions is "yes," it is probable that humans have a natural sensitivity to timbre.






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ELEMENTS OF MUSIC- The essential ingredients of music that, when combined, cause music to sound particular, unique, and idiosyncratic. Music of different historic time periods and different cultures vary according to the application of musical elements.

RHYTHM - Sonic action in time. Or, the arrangement of durational sonic patterns or tone lengths that fall on or between a "beat".

MELODY- A series of individual pitches one occuring after another in order that the composite order of pitches constitutes a recognizable entity. Melody is the horizontal aspect of music.

HARMONY- (1) The procedure by which chords of music are constructed and (2) the system by which one chord follows another chord in time. To make harmony distinct from "interval", harmony is the simultaneous occurance of THREE or more tones. (Scd92)

TIMBRE - The quality of a sound that distinguishes it from other sounds of the same pitch and volume. Tone color is determined by the loudness of individual harmonics or partials within a single tone.

INSTRUMENTS - Music instruments are the "sound colors" of music, which are perceived by the ear, analogous to colors in the color spectrum, which are perceived by the eye.

DYNAMICS - Gradations of amplitude (louds and softs) in music

TEMPO - The rate of speed of a composition or a section of a composition which is measured by the number of beats-per-minute. Metronome markings are used to indicate tempo; e. g. 60 beats-per-minute is "slow" while 120 beats-per- minute is "fast".

METER - The basic scheme of note values and accents which remains unaltered throughout a composition or a section of a composition which serves as a basic skeleton for rhythm and represented in notation as a fraction: 4/4, 3/4, et al.





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Definition of Music

Music may be defined as the organization of sounds in time (MUSIC - 1. Organized sound (New: 1940s), 2. The art of organizing sound so as to elicit an aesthetic response in a listener (from 1700 to present), 3. Aesthetically pleasing or harmonious sound, 4. "Sound that moves the human soul" - Christopher Hogwood). Natural sound sources derive from musical objects fashioned by humankind. Synthesized sound derives from electronic instruments. A philosophical position may be taken that "music" is not made by sound sources such as animals, waterfalls and others, although such sound may be considered to be music if a more liberal philosophical position is adopted.



Music is traditionally arranged in forms. Form is the entire body of the "musical event" which has a beginning and an ending. A complete "form of music" is called a composition, piece or a work. These terms are used interchangeably by musicians and others who speak and write about music.


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Colored Sand Art Mosaic

Craft Materials:

1.Pattern or Designs
2.White glue
3.Colored Sand
4.Illustration board
5.Scissors

Time: Under 1-2 hour/s

Procedure:

1.Prepare all the materials needed;
2.Get your pattern or design of your own choice;
3.You need to use a little sharp pick (tooth-pick) to lift the glue on the pattern or design;
4.Then, trace the lines using the sharp pick (tooth-pick);
5.Pour or sprinkle the desire color of colored sand over the adhesive layer.
7.Once the sand is dry, shake off the excess by gently tapping the side of the lid;
8.Repeat steps #4, #5, & #6 on the space;
9. Spread the colored sand evenly;
10. Allow the glue to dry completely.

 Apply final coating of adhesive all over the patterns or designs to create hard and Shine outputs.


On the Making:

















Outputs:





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Outputs:

Vertical Line

Horizontal Line

Diagonal Line

Concave Line

Convex Line

Broken Line

Zigzag Line

Spiral

S-Line



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Materials:
1.Colored construction paper of your choice;
2.Cut-out letters from magazines or newspapers.

Procedure:
1.Think of a SLOGAN about the environment;
2.Using your cut-out letters, form your slogan;
3.Paste your formed slogan in your bond paper.

Outputs:










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Materials:
1.White Bond paper;
2.Cut out pictures from magazines or newspaper;
3.Glue or paste.

Directions:
1.Think of your favorite object or figure;
2.Find pictures ot them from magazines or newspapers;
3.Paste the pictures on you bond paper in any way or direction you want them to be;
4.Make sure there are no spaces left in between the pictures;
5.Put a title to your work.

Outputs:









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Two types of Orientation


Outputs:







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Living with Arts and Functions of Arts

What is art? This the question alwalys asked, whenever they speak of art. Orienated from the latin words, it means "skill", and equivalent to the Greek word techne, from which the modern word "technology" is derived. In the early days, the term did not only apply to craftsmanship, but also to the proficiency in performing an activity.

Art requires intellectual as well as sensory perception. The appreciation of art can be greatly improved by knowing: How a work of art was made; why it was made; what went before and came after it. The "why", refers to the reason or reasons for the creation of the specific work. "What went before and came after" is knowing the historical place of the work, because artists borrow and learn from one another all the time.


Art has three functions:Personal, Social and Physical

Personal Function, is a vehicle for expression of feelings and ideas.
Social Function, is closely related to every aspect of social life.
Physical Funcntion, is determined primarily by designs and operational functions.


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